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The Formal Operational Stage is characterized by the development of abstract reasoning and the ability to think logically about hypothetical situations. This stage begins around the age of 12 and represents a significant shift in cognitive capabilities compared to earlier stages. During this period, individuals become capable of systematic planning, problem-solving, and thinking about possibilities rather than just concrete realities. They can manipulate ideas in their mind without relying on physical objects or experiences, allowing them to form concepts and engage in advanced reasoning.

In the context of cognitive development, preceding stages do not encompass this level of abstract thought. The Preoperational Stage, for example, focuses primarily on symbolic play and egocentric thinking without the ability to grasp abstract concepts. The Concrete Stage is limited to tangible, hands-on experiences and struggles with abstract ideas. The term "Abstract Stage" is not a widely recognized term in psychology related to cognitive development, further confirming that the Formal Operational Stage is the accurate descriptor for this developmental phase.