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Criterion validity refers to how well one measure predicts an outcome based on another measure, establishing the effectiveness of an assessment tool. Within criterion validity, there are subtypes that further categorize how the validation is done in relation to time and context.

Concurrent validity is a subtype that examines whether the measure correlates well with a measure that has previously been established as valid, enabling researchers to assess how accurately a test correlates with an established benchmark at the same time. Predictive validity, on the other hand, evaluates how well a measure forecasts future performance or outcomes by correlating it with data gathered at a later time.

By recognizing both concurrent and predictive validity as essential aspects of criterion validity, the correct choice highlights the two important ways in which criterion validity can be assessed. These subtypes provide a comprehensive understanding of how assessments can be validated based on their relationship to other relevant measures, either concurrently or as predictions for future behaviors or outcomes. This deeper insight into criterion validity allows for a more refined approach to evaluating assessments in educational contexts.